In earlier times, in Indian railways the waste from the human body fell on the railway track .there was a pipe at the bottom of the toilets of the trains , from which the waste material openly discharged. This would result in rustling of railway tracks and also polluted our environment.
To get rid of these problems, Indian railways stopped this openly discahrged system and introduced control discharge toilet system . in this system, this round shaped container controlled the waste until train reaches to the platform .when the speed of the train reaches to 30 km /hr or below , the container opens and the waste get discharged .But again it produce pollution.
In 2011, DRDO stands for Defence Research & Development Organisation intoduced biotoilets in Indian railways .nowadays these toilets are available in every trains.biotoilets have a rectangular shaped container in which the human waste is converted into water and bio gases mainly methane and carbon dioxide with the help of anaerobic bacteria. A collection of anaerobic bacteria that has been adapted to work at temperatures as low as -5°C and as high as 50°C act as inocula (seed material) to the bio-digesters.
Indian Railways have said that its goal is to install 1,440,000 bio-toilets in all 55,000 coaches under the “Clean Rail-Clean India” program by the end of 2019. More than 49,000 bio-toilets have been installed by the Indian Railways in the passenger coach till October 31, 2016.
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